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Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham (Arabic: أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم‎), frequently referred to as Ibn al-Haytham (Arabic: ابن الهيثم, Latinized as Alhazen or Alhacen; c. 965 – c. 1040), was an Arab, Muslim, scientist, polymath, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher who made significant contributions to the principles of optics, astronomy, mathematics, meteorology, visual perception and the scientific method.

He has been described as the father of modern optics, ophthalmology, experimental physics and scientific methodology and the first theoretical physicist. However broad use of his findings, e.g. in mass production of images based on a linear perspective and the camera obscura required further steps in the cognitive framing of his theories. It took place long after his death during the scientific revolution.